The Church of the Nazarene recently announced plans related to their upcoming 30th General Assembly in 2023. The General Assembly is the denomination's highest body, analogous to The United Methodist Church's General Conference.
General Assembly had been scheduled for 2021, but the Nazarenes announced in June of 2020 that, due to travel difficulties and visa restrictions, General Assembly would be postponed until 2023. Like the UMC, the Nazarenes determined that an electronic or virtual meeting would not allow them to accomplish what was required by their Manual (the equivalent of the Book of Discipline). At the time of the postponement, they named "significant global participation via attendance and an appropriate emphasis on the health and safety of visitors and delegates" as goals for holding General Assembly.
In their recent update about General Assembly, the Church of the Nazarene acknowledged that, even though General Assembly is still over a year away, visa delays will prevent some delegates from attending. Delegates to General Assembly come from a very wide range of countries. The Church of the Nazarene will, however, continue with plans to hold General Assembly in June 2023, and still does not believe a virtual or distributed conference is feasible. Nevertheless, the Nazarene leadership emphasized that representation of all districts is important.
Fortunately for the Nazarenes, their Manual allows for several solutions: It provides more latitude for districts to select alternate delegates who already have visas. But more importantly, the Manual allows for early regional causes. Therefore, Nazarenes in regions outside the United States will gather by region before General Assembly meets to deliberate on the business of the General Assembly, make nominations for denomination-wide positions, and convey the results to the General Assembly via the delegates that can attend. While voting on final legislation is not possible at the regional caucuses, the recommendations will be taken into official consideration by the relevant legislative committees.
The Board of General Superintendents of the Church of the Nazarene recognizes that this arrangement is still "not ideal." Nevertheless, it is a way to balance the stated value of global participation and the need to hold a General Assembly.
This plan is only possible, though, because the provisions of the Nazarene manual allow for it. The United Methodist Church's Book of Discipline does not make similar provisions for early regional caucuses. Thus, this is not an alternative that the UMC could have taken to allow General Conference to meet in 2022.
But, it is a model that the UMC would be wise to keep in mind as it continues to develop its polity. I have previously suggested that regionalization would have prevented some of the problems with delaying General Conference 2020. The Church of the Nazarene shows that greater regionalization can also help address issues around equality of representation at denominational gatherings.
While the UMC cannot go back in time to prevent some of the problems associated with a delayed General Conference 2020, it can and should take steps to ensure that the next time General Conference is unable to meet or to meet fully--whether that is because of a future pandemic, war, climate disaster, or other reason--the church is able to be more flexible and respond better.
Dedicated to fostering conversations about the global nature of The United Methodist Church
Friday, April 29, 2022
Recommended Viewing: Nazarenes Plan Regional Caucuses before General Assembly
Wednesday, April 27, 2022
European United Methodists emphasize connectionalism
Today's post is by UM & Global blogmaster Dr. David W. Scott, Mission Theologian at the General Board of Global Ministries. The opinions and analysis expressed here are Dr. Scott's own and do not reflect in any way the official position of Global Ministries. This piece originally appeared as a commentary on the United Methodist News Service site and is republished here with permission.
The war in Ukraine has brought renewed worldwide attention to Europe and, among United Methodists, to branches of The United Methodist Church there.
The denomination’s presence in Europe is small but significant, diverse and distinctive. It includes around 50,000 members across two dozen countries grouped into 20 annual conferences in four episcopal areas and three central conferences.
One of the important factors influencing both United Methodist responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and debates over the future of The United Methodist Church in Europe is a commitment among European United Methodists to connectionalism as a church principle, especially in the form of connections among Methodists within Europe.
Connectionalism is a fundamental theological and practical conviction for Methodists around the world, emphasizing that the church’s nature is primarily rooted in the connections among local congregations, not within local congregations themselves, and pointing to partnerships for collaboration in ministry, mission and mutual accountability.
Yet the history, context, structure and relationships among European United Methodists have given understandings of connectionalism in Europe a distinctive European spin. Given the centrality of connectionalism in how Europeans think about what it means to be Methodist and the importance of that principle for current developments in European Methodism, this piece will dive into the historical context that has shaped this emphasis on connectionalism in European United Methodism.
Intra-European Methodist connectionalism has its roots in the origins of continental Methodism. Given the multitude of countries and denominational traditions involved in the current shape of The United Methodist Church in Europe, it is not possible to recount all the details of the origins of Methodism in each European country. Repeatedly, though, Methodism spread to new places in Europe through the efforts of other Europeans. Europe is a continent largely self-evangelized when it comes to Methodism.
Some of those historic roots include British Methodist outreach to the continent in France, Italy, Germany and elsewhere. Another very significant set of European Methodist origins lie in the influence of Germans and Scandinavians who emigrated to the United States, encountered Methodism there, and then spread it back home, either through writing to relatives, sending missionaries back to their homelands or return emigration. The spread of Methodism through these transatlantic migrant networks meant that a strong, indigenous form of Methodism was established in Germany (through the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Evangelical Association) and in Denmark, Norway and Sweden (through the Methodist Episcopal Church) in the middle of the 19th century.
From these bases in Germany and Scandinavia, Methodism spread to other areas of Europe, carried by European Methodists. It spread from Germany south to Switzerland and Austria and then east to Hungary and Serbia. It spread east from Scandinavia to Finland and then Russia and the Baltics (in the first wave of Methodism to appear in these areas, prior to the world wars). Even recently begun work in Albania and Croatia has its roots in connections to Germany.
This pattern stands in marked contrast to the development of The United Methodist Church in most other areas of the world, where the driving force was American missionaries sent out by missionary societies in the United States.
There are a few areas of Europe where American missionaries were important to establishing Methodism: the Methodist Episcopal Church began work in Italy, Bulgaria and what is now North Macedonia in the 19th century; the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, began work in what was then Czechoslovakia and Poland in the 1920s; and the post-Soviet extension of Methodism to Romania and revival of Methodism in Russia, Latvia and Lithuania was led largely by Americans, though Estonian Methodism also played a crucial part in the redevelopment of Methodism in Latvia and Lithuania.
Despite these few American counterexamples, the majority of European United Methodists live in areas where Methodism was first introduced by Europeans and developed through European initiative and European solidarity.
Already by the end of the 19th century, Europe had become such a missionary powerhouse within Methodism that European Methodists were not just carrying Methodism to other parts of Europe but around the world, working with missionaries from the United States and elsewhere to extend Methodism in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Europeans continue to serve as missionaries (or mission partners) in Asia, Africa and Latin America through both Global Ministries and European Methodist mission societies in Germany, Switzerland and Norway.
Although Methodism spread far throughout Europe, it never developed a large following, due in large part to social and political opposition from state churches (Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox), which historically dominated Europe. Methodist preaching and gatherings were initially illegal in many places and frequently harassed in others. In this context, Methodism was one of the early forces pushing for religious freedom in many European countries. Beyond government policies, many individual Europeans looked at Methodism as a strange and unwelcome religious intruder. In light of this widespread political and social opposition to Methodism, connections among European Methodists gave them strength and succor, both at the beginning of European Methodism and still to this day.
For Methodists in Eastern Europe, the importance of such supportive connections only increased behind the Iron Curtain after World War II. In some places, such as Russia, communism wiped out Methodism. In other places, Methodism was barely able to hang on, despite government hostility, confiscation of buildings, harassment and other obstacles. Connections among European Methodists were an essential means of support for those Methodist congregations that were able to survive under communist rule.
European Methodism was thus largely born through intra-European connectionalism and sustained by intra-European connectionalism. It remains committed to intra-European connectionalism in a variety of forms today.
When many in the United States hear the term “connectionalism,” they think of structures created by United Methodist polity: conferences, agencies, apportionments and bishops. These structures exist in The United Methodist Church in Europe. Three central conferences bring together United Methodists from various national and cultural backgrounds. Various committees continue the work of those bodies between meetings. The bishops play a large role in coordinating within and across central conferences.
The structures of Methodist connectionalism extend beyond those listed in the Book of Discipline, though, and many of them embrace Methodists from other denominations. The European Methodist Council brings together multiple Methodist denominations and reflects ongoing important connections among United Methodists, British Methodists and Methodists elsewhere in Europe. The Methodist-related Theological Schools in Europe also operates interdenominationally, though the United Methodist Board of Higher Education and Ministry is a key supporter. Theological education through Reutlingen School of Theology and the Methodist e-Academy is another significant ministry that brings together mainly United Methodists from various national and cultural backgrounds.
The Fund for Mission in Europe is a major means by which European Methodists across countries and denominations cooperate to financially support the ongoing mission and evangelism work of fellow European Methodists. Through an annual list of projects, the fund collects donations from Methodists across Europe and distributes them to Methodist ministries in Europe. The latest project book emphasizes that the purpose of the fund is to “keep connected across national borders” and create “solidarity among Methodist churches in Europe.”
Beyond these formal ties, connectionalism subsides in the personal connections among European Methodists — both United Methodists and those from other Methodist denominations. These connections may be forged by joint participation in conferences, committees, mission work and theological education, but they are sustained as friendships, a sense of Christian sisterhood and brotherhood, and a shared identity among what is, in the end, a rather small group of people.
In recent years, migrants from around the world have added another layer to this sense of connectionalism as being about relationship and identity. As Methodists from elsewhere, especially from Africa, have moved to Europe as students and migrants, they have become connected to Methodist congregations there and even started some of their own. These students and migrants bring with them a sense that Methodism means something more than just polity structures. It is a fellowship that extends across geographic distance.
Connectionalism is deep in European Methodists’ roots and central to the European Methodist ethos today. It is a connectionalism that sustains a sense of common identity and theological discourse that crosses linguistic, cultural and national boundaries. It is a connectionalism that is closely tied to mission and to mutual support. It is a connectionalism that has thrived through regional initiative and independence.
Whatever forms European Methodism takes in coming years, it will carry this heritage of connectionalism with it. And for those willing to receive it, this understanding of connectionalism is a gift that European Methodists offer to their sisters and brothers elsewhere around the globe.
The war in Ukraine has brought renewed worldwide attention to Europe and, among United Methodists, to branches of The United Methodist Church there.
The denomination’s presence in Europe is small but significant, diverse and distinctive. It includes around 50,000 members across two dozen countries grouped into 20 annual conferences in four episcopal areas and three central conferences.
One of the important factors influencing both United Methodist responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and debates over the future of The United Methodist Church in Europe is a commitment among European United Methodists to connectionalism as a church principle, especially in the form of connections among Methodists within Europe.
Connectionalism is a fundamental theological and practical conviction for Methodists around the world, emphasizing that the church’s nature is primarily rooted in the connections among local congregations, not within local congregations themselves, and pointing to partnerships for collaboration in ministry, mission and mutual accountability.
Yet the history, context, structure and relationships among European United Methodists have given understandings of connectionalism in Europe a distinctive European spin. Given the centrality of connectionalism in how Europeans think about what it means to be Methodist and the importance of that principle for current developments in European Methodism, this piece will dive into the historical context that has shaped this emphasis on connectionalism in European United Methodism.
Intra-European Methodist connectionalism has its roots in the origins of continental Methodism. Given the multitude of countries and denominational traditions involved in the current shape of The United Methodist Church in Europe, it is not possible to recount all the details of the origins of Methodism in each European country. Repeatedly, though, Methodism spread to new places in Europe through the efforts of other Europeans. Europe is a continent largely self-evangelized when it comes to Methodism.
Some of those historic roots include British Methodist outreach to the continent in France, Italy, Germany and elsewhere. Another very significant set of European Methodist origins lie in the influence of Germans and Scandinavians who emigrated to the United States, encountered Methodism there, and then spread it back home, either through writing to relatives, sending missionaries back to their homelands or return emigration. The spread of Methodism through these transatlantic migrant networks meant that a strong, indigenous form of Methodism was established in Germany (through the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Evangelical Association) and in Denmark, Norway and Sweden (through the Methodist Episcopal Church) in the middle of the 19th century.
From these bases in Germany and Scandinavia, Methodism spread to other areas of Europe, carried by European Methodists. It spread from Germany south to Switzerland and Austria and then east to Hungary and Serbia. It spread east from Scandinavia to Finland and then Russia and the Baltics (in the first wave of Methodism to appear in these areas, prior to the world wars). Even recently begun work in Albania and Croatia has its roots in connections to Germany.
This pattern stands in marked contrast to the development of The United Methodist Church in most other areas of the world, where the driving force was American missionaries sent out by missionary societies in the United States.
There are a few areas of Europe where American missionaries were important to establishing Methodism: the Methodist Episcopal Church began work in Italy, Bulgaria and what is now North Macedonia in the 19th century; the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, began work in what was then Czechoslovakia and Poland in the 1920s; and the post-Soviet extension of Methodism to Romania and revival of Methodism in Russia, Latvia and Lithuania was led largely by Americans, though Estonian Methodism also played a crucial part in the redevelopment of Methodism in Latvia and Lithuania.
Despite these few American counterexamples, the majority of European United Methodists live in areas where Methodism was first introduced by Europeans and developed through European initiative and European solidarity.
Already by the end of the 19th century, Europe had become such a missionary powerhouse within Methodism that European Methodists were not just carrying Methodism to other parts of Europe but around the world, working with missionaries from the United States and elsewhere to extend Methodism in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Europeans continue to serve as missionaries (or mission partners) in Asia, Africa and Latin America through both Global Ministries and European Methodist mission societies in Germany, Switzerland and Norway.
Although Methodism spread far throughout Europe, it never developed a large following, due in large part to social and political opposition from state churches (Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox), which historically dominated Europe. Methodist preaching and gatherings were initially illegal in many places and frequently harassed in others. In this context, Methodism was one of the early forces pushing for religious freedom in many European countries. Beyond government policies, many individual Europeans looked at Methodism as a strange and unwelcome religious intruder. In light of this widespread political and social opposition to Methodism, connections among European Methodists gave them strength and succor, both at the beginning of European Methodism and still to this day.
For Methodists in Eastern Europe, the importance of such supportive connections only increased behind the Iron Curtain after World War II. In some places, such as Russia, communism wiped out Methodism. In other places, Methodism was barely able to hang on, despite government hostility, confiscation of buildings, harassment and other obstacles. Connections among European Methodists were an essential means of support for those Methodist congregations that were able to survive under communist rule.
European Methodism was thus largely born through intra-European connectionalism and sustained by intra-European connectionalism. It remains committed to intra-European connectionalism in a variety of forms today.
When many in the United States hear the term “connectionalism,” they think of structures created by United Methodist polity: conferences, agencies, apportionments and bishops. These structures exist in The United Methodist Church in Europe. Three central conferences bring together United Methodists from various national and cultural backgrounds. Various committees continue the work of those bodies between meetings. The bishops play a large role in coordinating within and across central conferences.
The structures of Methodist connectionalism extend beyond those listed in the Book of Discipline, though, and many of them embrace Methodists from other denominations. The European Methodist Council brings together multiple Methodist denominations and reflects ongoing important connections among United Methodists, British Methodists and Methodists elsewhere in Europe. The Methodist-related Theological Schools in Europe also operates interdenominationally, though the United Methodist Board of Higher Education and Ministry is a key supporter. Theological education through Reutlingen School of Theology and the Methodist e-Academy is another significant ministry that brings together mainly United Methodists from various national and cultural backgrounds.
The Fund for Mission in Europe is a major means by which European Methodists across countries and denominations cooperate to financially support the ongoing mission and evangelism work of fellow European Methodists. Through an annual list of projects, the fund collects donations from Methodists across Europe and distributes them to Methodist ministries in Europe. The latest project book emphasizes that the purpose of the fund is to “keep connected across national borders” and create “solidarity among Methodist churches in Europe.”
Beyond these formal ties, connectionalism subsides in the personal connections among European Methodists — both United Methodists and those from other Methodist denominations. These connections may be forged by joint participation in conferences, committees, mission work and theological education, but they are sustained as friendships, a sense of Christian sisterhood and brotherhood, and a shared identity among what is, in the end, a rather small group of people.
In recent years, migrants from around the world have added another layer to this sense of connectionalism as being about relationship and identity. As Methodists from elsewhere, especially from Africa, have moved to Europe as students and migrants, they have become connected to Methodist congregations there and even started some of their own. These students and migrants bring with them a sense that Methodism means something more than just polity structures. It is a fellowship that extends across geographic distance.
Connectionalism is deep in European Methodists’ roots and central to the European Methodist ethos today. It is a connectionalism that sustains a sense of common identity and theological discourse that crosses linguistic, cultural and national boundaries. It is a connectionalism that is closely tied to mission and to mutual support. It is a connectionalism that has thrived through regional initiative and independence.
Whatever forms European Methodism takes in coming years, it will carry this heritage of connectionalism with it. And for those willing to receive it, this understanding of connectionalism is a gift that European Methodists offer to their sisters and brothers elsewhere around the globe.
Monday, April 25, 2022
UMVIM Experiences Newness of Mission After COVID
Today's post is jointly authored by the jurisdictional coordinators of United Methodist Volunteers in Mission (UMVIM). Those coordinators are named at the bottom of the piece.
The COVID pandemic interrupted ministry all over the world. Churches were forced to ask, “how do we worship without being together physically?” Mission projects saw an increased need all over the world but were unable to gather volunteers to meet those needs in person. COVID changed how we thought about ministry, what it meant to serve those in need, and how we live out our call as Christians.
For many years, mission teams shared in global journeys every year through UMVIM. Projects in Haiti, Panama, Alabama, Alaska, Malawi, and more, hosted these teams and forged strong relationships as they worked together to show Christian love in action. COVID changed all that. Almost overnight, those strong relationships were tested.
Yet, UMVIM volunteers, staff, and partners have remained faithful through it all, and many mission projects are now experiencing newness as people continue to recognize the importance of being in partnership as we serve in God’s mission. The pandemic created new ministries and new ways of doing old ministries.
Connections and relationships established over many years have not been eliminated during this liminal time. Some have been strengthened as missionaries share virtually with small groups and read scripture in worship. Project site directors are creating partnerships with organizations in the community to provide greater resources for people in need. God is moving in new ways and guiding the church in new learnings.
UMVIM helped connect projects and teams during the pandemic through Virtual Missions. Churches, missionaries, and projects in the US and abroad were brought together to share culture, language, food, and their vulnerabilities with one another. Individuals who rarely engaged in physical mission explored new ways to form relationships and help their neighbors.
Many Virtual Missions have been celebrated over the past two years. The jurisdictional United Methodist Volunteer in Mission (UMVIM) coordinators work to assist team leaders and project site hosts in this new format of being in mission. People who were unable to travel as part of a team can now connect via Zoom and learn about the God-work happening in places like Liberia, Cambodia, Honduras, Palestine, Mexico, and Laos. Ministries on the border are sharing the important work of assisting refugees and disaster response depots, Sager Brown and Midwest Mission Distribution Center, share the news of kits and meal packs sent to many places domestically and internationally.
New in-person projects have been added to the lists. Waverly, TN is a new long-term recovery site assisting survivors of flooding with housing rehab. Cass Community Social Services in Detroit, MI, and the Fuller Center are new projects for Mission Volunteers.
Youth groups traveling to Daytona Beach, FL for Youth 2023 have the opportunity to stop on the long drive and be in mission. Stefanie Williams, the Youth2023 team leader, is making connections with project sites to host these groups for one day or several days before or after the big event. She looks forward to presenting the places and ways youth can do the Jesus thing in the Jesus way.
Teams were challenged to continue disaster ministries as more and more disasters affected many more people throughout the country. Survivors face the challenge of the loss of their homes on top of living through their own COVID story.Faith-filled volunteers worked in their own communities and at nearby long-term recovery sites to help rebuild homes.
Work did not stop. It was just done differently. One strategy was for the project to be managed in one 6–8-hour day. These ‘done in a day’ VIM Teams brought their tools and lunches, wore their masks and social distanced, and completed the task. The next day a team from another area would be on site to continue the work from the previous day, all with the vision of serving Christ. Teams did not travel to their partners in mission in other countries, yet they were still able to serve and make a difference in the lives of their neighbors.
Ray Yarnall joined the UMVIM coordinator team this spring as the Northeastern Jurisdiction coordinator. The collaboration of the jurisdiction coordinators provides many opportunities to share in Mission Academies and trainings, connect with project sites around the world, and encourage teams to serve safely, always building relationships and partnerships. New Team Leader Trainers are ready to empower team leaders as teams begin to move into the world and serve as the hands and feet of Christ.
The mission piece that remains the same is the focus on relationships and partnerships. COVID remains a huge hurdle for ministry, yet it helped those who call themselves Volunteers in Mission see ministry in a new way. Something emerged because of the pandemic: the realization that despite the number of bricks laid, the amount of money given, or miles traveled – the love and relationships are what truly matters. It is about the people, not the projects.
Please visit https://www.umvim.org/ to see all the possibilities!
The COVID pandemic interrupted ministry all over the world. Churches were forced to ask, “how do we worship without being together physically?” Mission projects saw an increased need all over the world but were unable to gather volunteers to meet those needs in person. COVID changed how we thought about ministry, what it meant to serve those in need, and how we live out our call as Christians.
For many years, mission teams shared in global journeys every year through UMVIM. Projects in Haiti, Panama, Alabama, Alaska, Malawi, and more, hosted these teams and forged strong relationships as they worked together to show Christian love in action. COVID changed all that. Almost overnight, those strong relationships were tested.
Yet, UMVIM volunteers, staff, and partners have remained faithful through it all, and many mission projects are now experiencing newness as people continue to recognize the importance of being in partnership as we serve in God’s mission. The pandemic created new ministries and new ways of doing old ministries.
Connections and relationships established over many years have not been eliminated during this liminal time. Some have been strengthened as missionaries share virtually with small groups and read scripture in worship. Project site directors are creating partnerships with organizations in the community to provide greater resources for people in need. God is moving in new ways and guiding the church in new learnings.
UMVIM helped connect projects and teams during the pandemic through Virtual Missions. Churches, missionaries, and projects in the US and abroad were brought together to share culture, language, food, and their vulnerabilities with one another. Individuals who rarely engaged in physical mission explored new ways to form relationships and help their neighbors.
Many Virtual Missions have been celebrated over the past two years. The jurisdictional United Methodist Volunteer in Mission (UMVIM) coordinators work to assist team leaders and project site hosts in this new format of being in mission. People who were unable to travel as part of a team can now connect via Zoom and learn about the God-work happening in places like Liberia, Cambodia, Honduras, Palestine, Mexico, and Laos. Ministries on the border are sharing the important work of assisting refugees and disaster response depots, Sager Brown and Midwest Mission Distribution Center, share the news of kits and meal packs sent to many places domestically and internationally.
New in-person projects have been added to the lists. Waverly, TN is a new long-term recovery site assisting survivors of flooding with housing rehab. Cass Community Social Services in Detroit, MI, and the Fuller Center are new projects for Mission Volunteers.
Youth groups traveling to Daytona Beach, FL for Youth 2023 have the opportunity to stop on the long drive and be in mission. Stefanie Williams, the Youth2023 team leader, is making connections with project sites to host these groups for one day or several days before or after the big event. She looks forward to presenting the places and ways youth can do the Jesus thing in the Jesus way.
Teams were challenged to continue disaster ministries as more and more disasters affected many more people throughout the country. Survivors face the challenge of the loss of their homes on top of living through their own COVID story.Faith-filled volunteers worked in their own communities and at nearby long-term recovery sites to help rebuild homes.
Work did not stop. It was just done differently. One strategy was for the project to be managed in one 6–8-hour day. These ‘done in a day’ VIM Teams brought their tools and lunches, wore their masks and social distanced, and completed the task. The next day a team from another area would be on site to continue the work from the previous day, all with the vision of serving Christ. Teams did not travel to their partners in mission in other countries, yet they were still able to serve and make a difference in the lives of their neighbors.
Ray Yarnall joined the UMVIM coordinator team this spring as the Northeastern Jurisdiction coordinator. The collaboration of the jurisdiction coordinators provides many opportunities to share in Mission Academies and trainings, connect with project sites around the world, and encourage teams to serve safely, always building relationships and partnerships. New Team Leader Trainers are ready to empower team leaders as teams begin to move into the world and serve as the hands and feet of Christ.
The mission piece that remains the same is the focus on relationships and partnerships. COVID remains a huge hurdle for ministry, yet it helped those who call themselves Volunteers in Mission see ministry in a new way. Something emerged because of the pandemic: the realization that despite the number of bricks laid, the amount of money given, or miles traveled – the love and relationships are what truly matters. It is about the people, not the projects.
Please visit https://www.umvim.org/ to see all the possibilities!
Ronda Cordill, wj@umvim.org Western Jurisdiction
Karen Distefano, scj@umvim.org South Central Jurisdiction
Rev. Matt Lacey, sej@umvim.org Southeastern Jurisdiction
Gray Gambrell, sejinfo@umvim.org Southeastern Jurisdiction
Ray Yarnall, nej@umvim.org Northeastern Jurisdiction
Rev. Tammy Kuntz, ncj@umvim.org North Central Jurisdiction
Stefanie Williams, y2023@umvim.org North Central Jurisdiction
Friday, April 22, 2022
Recommended Reading: Bishop Wenner on World Methodist Peace Prize Winners
Rosemarie Wenner, retired UMC Bishop for Germany and current Geneva Secretary of the World Methodist Council, wrote a recent reflection for the European Methodist Council about the World Methodist Peace Prizes recently presented. Because of pandemic-related delays, prizes from the last several years were all presented in March. Two of the three winners are European, and the third was Wenner's fellow UMC bishop, the late John Yambasu. In her post, Wenner reflects on the work of peacemaking in light of the Methodist tradition and in the context of the current war in Ukraine. Her words are well worth a read.
Wednesday, April 20, 2022
Caleb Kanyimb Mbaz: You Give Them Something to Eat
Today's post is by Rev. Caleb Kanyimb Mbaz. Rev. Kanyimb Mbaz is the head of the South Congo and Zambia Episcopal Area Disaster Management Office. This post is part of a series on food and mission.
Text: Matthew 14:16: “But Jesus said to them, ‘There’s no need to send them away. You give them something to eat.’”
In my evangelism course at Africa University, the late Professor Kurewa defined mission as a set of activities that accompany the gospel, including the establishment of schools, vocational centers, hospitals, orphanages, nutrition centers, women's mentoring centers for culinary programs, farms and so on. In this article, we will dwell on the relationship between mission and food. The Bible speaks to us through this text of a case of lack of food to feed 5000 people, not counting women and children. Food insecurity is a great and formidable weapon that is decimating our communities in these days.
Food insecurity
The food insecurity of the masses was sometimes in the Bible one of the great opportunities that God seized to convey his message of salvation in ancient times. It could go so far as to make people a refugee or even a slave of others because food is one of the basic necessities of life. A community can only become settled and productive when it reaches self-sufficiency in general and in particular with respect to food. Science proves to us that a population, a family or even a person who cannot feed themselves becomes unstable mentally and also physically.
Our country, the Democratic Republic of Congo, is classified among the food deficient countries. According to the latest IPC (Integrated food security Phase Classification), published on November 10, 27 million people in the DRC experience high levels of food insecurity between September and December 2021, which represents approximately 26.5% of the Congolese population.
According to the World Food Program, the number of people in a situation of acute food insecurity amounts to 27 million, making access to food a daily struggle for a significant part of the Congolese population. An estimated 3.4 million children suffer from acute malnutrition. It is possible for more people to eat only once a day compared to the three meals intended for each person. And often the meal on the table does not reflect good nutrition. The DRC is one of the biggest hunger crises in the world.
What then is the role of the church and its mission in the world where these symptoms are raging? What were the contexts of the introduction of the Christian religion in our communities?
Mission
In our villages at the entrance of the missionaries, certain commodities such as salt and sugar were effective means of clearing the way for the gospel. During our first food distribution in Kapanga to survivors of the Kamwina Nsapu conflict, done with a grant from UMCOR, we were faced with an indescribably large crowd that let us see the need, the lack, and the hunger. We had distributed the rations for the planned 3 days and people came from distant villages to come and get food, and we had neither the time nor the desire to preach because the distribution of the rations was itself the preaching.
In the United Methodist Church world in Africa, agriculture, however crucial, was one of the major programs that rarely responded to food or nutritional emergencies, on the one hand because of weaknesses including inadequate road infrastructure, low production in the face of overpopulation, as well as the lack of sustainability. All this has not made it possible to convey the gospel with full success and thus strengthen the mission of the church. We need many more programs with activities to nurture our communities and this seems to be one of the great responsibilities of the church in mission. These programs must be direct in terms of food production by strengthening agro-processing or establishing distribution points for those who cannot do agricultural activities. Because it should be mentioned that the elderly, children, pregnant women, the sick, those with disabilities, and even old widows cannot go to cultivate or work for their survival while social security is almost non-existent. What is the message we preach to the hungry?
Resolving urgency leads to sustainability
For some time, preaching has centered its message on work, saying that he who does not work does not eat. This is a very good thing because God has blessed the work of humans. However, in a context where famine is acute and creating malnourished people in our communities, can we still talk about work in the foreground? Which precedes the other – eating or working? For a community with a large percentage of minors versus a low percent group of men and women capable of looking for work? These are the questions our communities face and need to be answered. But then, it happens that many preachers talk about work, forgetting to mention that in order to work, one must have eaten. I find this theology discriminatory because it targets a class of people and encourages them to do better, forgetting those who are not physically able to work. Food cannot be a slogan, neither a promise nor an incentive in our communities but an urgent reality of putting it on the table first, after which the production program can follow.
You give them something to eat
However, there is a connection between mission and food. A link that has nothing to do with food intervention as corruption but as a need to be filled because “a hungry stomach has no ears,” as they say. In our experience, this connection is direct. Christ then said to them with these words: " You give them something to eat."
It is these gospel terms that speak to the connection between mission and food. In reference to our experience in responding to disasters, food was the most appreciated intervention in all the communities where we intervened, including environments considered agricultural. All this because food is not only precious, but also difficult to find considering the cost of living. In both rural and urban areas, the population has difficulty obtaining food that can bind together the two ends of the month. According to statistics, in Congo and in Katanga province, people could go for a long time without eating because of lack, and this is so horrible. In relation to the question of human rights, food is first on the list of basic needs, and we talk about adequate food.
A punctual intervention of food to the needy not only reinforces the mission of the church but also maintains its continuity. In a purely food-deficient context, as shown by the biblical text quoted above – “You give them something to eat.” – an emergency imposes itself; it does not wait for an agricultural program so that it is very important and sustainable though. The food emergency in our community is glaring. It is like the hunger of a child who will not wait for his father to go to work to come back to him with something to snack on, but demands an intervention that is here and now, "Hic and Nunc.” We found in the territory of Kipushi families who take turns eating; that is to say when some eat today, tomorrow they will not eat and so on.
The way forward
We would like to encourage programs not only on food production through agriculture but also to strengthen the mechanisms for the availability of basic food products through specific programs, among others, for street children, widows, orphans, those displaced from wars, food refugees and so many others because even asylum seekers living in the Congo end up suffering in one way or another from food insecurity.
The United Methodist Church needs to take the initiative to train nutritionists and to mentor and equip them to help our communities not only to select nutritious foods but above all to follow programs that support adequate and tangible food interventions.
During the Global Ministries agricultural forum held in South Africa in Johannesburg, the resolution to seek arable land for sustainable agriculture programs is to be encouraged, and yet it requires another element, that of initiating at the base the idea of cooperatives of small farmers, especially for women. This should be done because women will be able to participate in their own development by responding immediately and directly to their food needs and those of their families, since in Africa women are still at the center of the domestic economy. It is also desirable to be able to design food education awareness programs and thus include food programs in our schools, as in the old days when food was offered in schools and training centers to strengthen the health of students. With this program hunger is fought at the source in favor of those who have left home without having had the chance to eat something.
We cannot end our remarks without mentioning some reflections that support our contribution based on our experience in the context of food insecurity. "Cultivating a field is good, but starting by feeding yourself is better." "A hungry producer cannot produce to eat.” And when he produces, he assures his sustenance, but when he eats, he ensures his survival. Making food available to the hungry is more than a spoken gospel.
So, food is the servant of the mission. It is still in our communities the feet of the gospel. Christ used it to convey the message of salvation by commanding his disciples. “You give them something to eat.” In the practice of disaster response in our context, food comes first – available food, not the seed, because the population could die with the seed in the ground or in the house while waiting for the rainy season in this context of global warming. Thus, the best mission is the one that takes action to preserve the community from hunger. The mission of the Church is based not only on preaching but on the response to vital needs and in our context, it is daily food for daily strength.
Text: Matthew 14:16: “But Jesus said to them, ‘There’s no need to send them away. You give them something to eat.’”
In my evangelism course at Africa University, the late Professor Kurewa defined mission as a set of activities that accompany the gospel, including the establishment of schools, vocational centers, hospitals, orphanages, nutrition centers, women's mentoring centers for culinary programs, farms and so on. In this article, we will dwell on the relationship between mission and food. The Bible speaks to us through this text of a case of lack of food to feed 5000 people, not counting women and children. Food insecurity is a great and formidable weapon that is decimating our communities in these days.
Food insecurity
The food insecurity of the masses was sometimes in the Bible one of the great opportunities that God seized to convey his message of salvation in ancient times. It could go so far as to make people a refugee or even a slave of others because food is one of the basic necessities of life. A community can only become settled and productive when it reaches self-sufficiency in general and in particular with respect to food. Science proves to us that a population, a family or even a person who cannot feed themselves becomes unstable mentally and also physically.
Our country, the Democratic Republic of Congo, is classified among the food deficient countries. According to the latest IPC (Integrated food security Phase Classification), published on November 10, 27 million people in the DRC experience high levels of food insecurity between September and December 2021, which represents approximately 26.5% of the Congolese population.
According to the World Food Program, the number of people in a situation of acute food insecurity amounts to 27 million, making access to food a daily struggle for a significant part of the Congolese population. An estimated 3.4 million children suffer from acute malnutrition. It is possible for more people to eat only once a day compared to the three meals intended for each person. And often the meal on the table does not reflect good nutrition. The DRC is one of the biggest hunger crises in the world.
What then is the role of the church and its mission in the world where these symptoms are raging? What were the contexts of the introduction of the Christian religion in our communities?
Mission
In our villages at the entrance of the missionaries, certain commodities such as salt and sugar were effective means of clearing the way for the gospel. During our first food distribution in Kapanga to survivors of the Kamwina Nsapu conflict, done with a grant from UMCOR, we were faced with an indescribably large crowd that let us see the need, the lack, and the hunger. We had distributed the rations for the planned 3 days and people came from distant villages to come and get food, and we had neither the time nor the desire to preach because the distribution of the rations was itself the preaching.
In the United Methodist Church world in Africa, agriculture, however crucial, was one of the major programs that rarely responded to food or nutritional emergencies, on the one hand because of weaknesses including inadequate road infrastructure, low production in the face of overpopulation, as well as the lack of sustainability. All this has not made it possible to convey the gospel with full success and thus strengthen the mission of the church. We need many more programs with activities to nurture our communities and this seems to be one of the great responsibilities of the church in mission. These programs must be direct in terms of food production by strengthening agro-processing or establishing distribution points for those who cannot do agricultural activities. Because it should be mentioned that the elderly, children, pregnant women, the sick, those with disabilities, and even old widows cannot go to cultivate or work for their survival while social security is almost non-existent. What is the message we preach to the hungry?
Resolving urgency leads to sustainability
For some time, preaching has centered its message on work, saying that he who does not work does not eat. This is a very good thing because God has blessed the work of humans. However, in a context where famine is acute and creating malnourished people in our communities, can we still talk about work in the foreground? Which precedes the other – eating or working? For a community with a large percentage of minors versus a low percent group of men and women capable of looking for work? These are the questions our communities face and need to be answered. But then, it happens that many preachers talk about work, forgetting to mention that in order to work, one must have eaten. I find this theology discriminatory because it targets a class of people and encourages them to do better, forgetting those who are not physically able to work. Food cannot be a slogan, neither a promise nor an incentive in our communities but an urgent reality of putting it on the table first, after which the production program can follow.
You give them something to eat
However, there is a connection between mission and food. A link that has nothing to do with food intervention as corruption but as a need to be filled because “a hungry stomach has no ears,” as they say. In our experience, this connection is direct. Christ then said to them with these words: " You give them something to eat."
It is these gospel terms that speak to the connection between mission and food. In reference to our experience in responding to disasters, food was the most appreciated intervention in all the communities where we intervened, including environments considered agricultural. All this because food is not only precious, but also difficult to find considering the cost of living. In both rural and urban areas, the population has difficulty obtaining food that can bind together the two ends of the month. According to statistics, in Congo and in Katanga province, people could go for a long time without eating because of lack, and this is so horrible. In relation to the question of human rights, food is first on the list of basic needs, and we talk about adequate food.
A punctual intervention of food to the needy not only reinforces the mission of the church but also maintains its continuity. In a purely food-deficient context, as shown by the biblical text quoted above – “You give them something to eat.” – an emergency imposes itself; it does not wait for an agricultural program so that it is very important and sustainable though. The food emergency in our community is glaring. It is like the hunger of a child who will not wait for his father to go to work to come back to him with something to snack on, but demands an intervention that is here and now, "Hic and Nunc.” We found in the territory of Kipushi families who take turns eating; that is to say when some eat today, tomorrow they will not eat and so on.
The way forward
We would like to encourage programs not only on food production through agriculture but also to strengthen the mechanisms for the availability of basic food products through specific programs, among others, for street children, widows, orphans, those displaced from wars, food refugees and so many others because even asylum seekers living in the Congo end up suffering in one way or another from food insecurity.
The United Methodist Church needs to take the initiative to train nutritionists and to mentor and equip them to help our communities not only to select nutritious foods but above all to follow programs that support adequate and tangible food interventions.
During the Global Ministries agricultural forum held in South Africa in Johannesburg, the resolution to seek arable land for sustainable agriculture programs is to be encouraged, and yet it requires another element, that of initiating at the base the idea of cooperatives of small farmers, especially for women. This should be done because women will be able to participate in their own development by responding immediately and directly to their food needs and those of their families, since in Africa women are still at the center of the domestic economy. It is also desirable to be able to design food education awareness programs and thus include food programs in our schools, as in the old days when food was offered in schools and training centers to strengthen the health of students. With this program hunger is fought at the source in favor of those who have left home without having had the chance to eat something.
We cannot end our remarks without mentioning some reflections that support our contribution based on our experience in the context of food insecurity. "Cultivating a field is good, but starting by feeding yourself is better." "A hungry producer cannot produce to eat.” And when he produces, he assures his sustenance, but when he eats, he ensures his survival. Making food available to the hungry is more than a spoken gospel.
So, food is the servant of the mission. It is still in our communities the feet of the gospel. Christ used it to convey the message of salvation by commanding his disciples. “You give them something to eat.” In the practice of disaster response in our context, food comes first – available food, not the seed, because the population could die with the seed in the ground or in the house while waiting for the rainy season in this context of global warming. Thus, the best mission is the one that takes action to preserve the community from hunger. The mission of the Church is based not only on preaching but on the response to vital needs and in our context, it is daily food for daily strength.
Monday, April 18, 2022
Caleb Kanyimb Mbaz: Donnez-leur Vous-même à Manger
Le message d'aujourd'hui est du révérend Caleb Kanyimb Mbaz. Le révérend Kanyimb Mbaz est le chef du bureau de gestion des catastrophes de la zone épiscopale du Sud-Congo et Zambie. Cette écriture fait partie d'une série sur la nourriture et la mission.
Texte: Matthieu 14:16 “Jésus leur répondit: Ils n’ont pas besoin de s’en aller; donnez-leur vous-mêmes à manger.”
Dans mon cours d'évangélisme a Africa University, le défunt professeur Kurewa a définit la mission comme un ensemble d'activités qui accompagnent l'évangile, entre autres la création des écoles, des centres professionnels, des hôpitaux, des orphelinats, des centres des nutrition, des centres d'encadrement des femmes pour les programmes culinaires, des fermes et j'en passe. Dans cet article, nous allons nous appesantir sur la relation entre la mission et la nourriture. La bible nous parle à travers ce texte d’un cas de manque de la nourriture pour nourrir 5000 personnes sans compter les femmes et les enfants. L’insécurité alimentaire est une grande et redoutable arme qui décime nos communautés en ces jours.
L’insécurité alimentaire
L'insécurité alimentaire des masses a été quelques fois dans la Bible l'une des grandes opportunités que Dieu a saisies pour bien véhiculer son message du salut dans les temps anciens. Elle pouvait aller jusqu'à faire d'un peuple réfugié ou même un esclave des autres car la nourriture fait partie des nécessités fondamentales de la vie. Une communauté ne peut devenir sédentaire et productrice que lorsqu’elle atteint sa suffisance en général et dans le cadre alimentaire en particulier. La science nous prouve qu’un peuple, une famille ou meme une personne qui n'arrive pas à se nourrir devient instable mentalement et aussi physiquement.
Notre pays, la République Démocratique du Congo, est classée parmi les pays à déficit alimentaire. Selon le dernier IPC (Integrated food security Phase Classification), publié le 10 novembre, 27 millions de personnes en RDC connaissent des niveaux élevés d'insécurité alimentaire entre septembre et décembre 2021, ce qui représente environ 26,5% de la population congolaise.
Selon le PAM, le nombre de personnes en situation d'insécurité alimentaire aiguë s'élève à 27 millions, faisant de l'accès à la nourriture un combat quotidien pour une partie importante de la population congolaise. On estime que 3,4 millions d'enfants souffrent de malnutrition aiguë. Il est possible pour un plus grand nombre de personnes de ne manger qu'une seule fois par jour par rapport aux trois repas prévus pour chaque personne. Et souvent le repas sur la table ne reflète pas une bonne nutrition. La RDC est l'une des plus grandes crises de la faim dans le monde.
Quelle est donc le rôle de l’église et sa mission dans le monde ou ces indices font rages? Quelles ont été les contextes de l’introduction de la religion chrétienne dans nos communautés?
La mission
Dans nos villages à l'entrée des missionnaires certaines commodités comme le sel y le sucre étaient des moyens efficaces pour frayer le chemin de l'évangile. Lors de notre première distribution alimentaire a Kapanga des survivant de Kamwina Nsapu sur subvention de UMCOR, nous avons été face a une foule très grande indescriptible qui nous laissait lire le besoin, le manque et la faim. Nous avions distribué les rations pendant les 3 jours prévus et des populations venaient des villages lointains pour venir chercher à manger et nous n’avions ni le temps ni l’envie de prêcher car la distribution des rations était elle-même la prédication.
Dans le monde méthodiste en Afrique, l’agriculture pourtant crucial fut un des grands programmes ayant rarement répondu aux urgences alimentaires ou nutritionnelles d’une part à cause des faiblesses incluant les infrastructures routières inadéquates, les faibles productions face aux surnombres des populations ainsi que l’absence de la pérennité. Tout ceci n’a pas permit de véhiculer a plein succès l’évangile et ainsi renforcer la mission de l’église. Nous avons besoin de beaucoup plus de programmes avec des activités pour nourrir nos communautés et cela semble être l'une des grandes responsabilités de l'église en mission. Ces programmes doivent être directes en termes de production alimentaire en renforçant l'agro-alimentaire ou en établissant des points de distribution pour ceux qui ne peuvent pas faire d'activités agricoles. Car il faut mentionner que les vieillards, les enfants, les femmes enceintes, les malades, ceux avec deficience et même les veuves avances en âge ne peuvent pas aller cultiver ou travailler pour leur survie alors que la sécurité sociale est presque inexistante. Quel est le message que nous prêchons aux affames?
Résoudre l’urgence, conduit à la pérennité
Depuis quelque temps, la prédication a centré son message sur le travail, disant que celui qui ne travaille pas ne mange pas. C’est une très bonne chose car Dieu a béni l'œuvre de l'homme. Cependant, dans un contexte où la famine est aiguë et que celle-ci crée dans nos communautés des malnutris peut-on encore parler du travail au premier plan? Qu’est-ce qui précède l’autre; manger ou travailler? Pour une communauté avec un grand pourcentage de mineurs, d'adultes contre un faible pourcentage d'hommes et de femmes capables de chercher un logement? Telles sont les questions auxquelles nos communautés sont confrontées et auxquelles il faut répondre. Mais alors, il arrive que de nombreux prédicateurs parlent de travail, oubliant de mentionner que pour travailler, il faut avoir mangé. Je trouve cette théologie discriminatoire car elle cible une classe de personnes et les incite à faire mieux, oubliant celles qui ne sont pas physiquement aptes à travailler. La nourriture ne peut être ni un slogan ni une incitation mais une réalité qui consiste à mettre de la nourriture sur la table en priorité, après quoi le programme de production peut suivre.
Donnez-leur vous-même à manger
Cependant, il existe un lien entre la mission et l'alimentation. Un lien qui n’a rien à avoir avec l’intervention alimentaire comme corruption mais comme un besoin à combler car « ventre affame, n’a point d’oreille » dit-on. Selon notre expérience, cette liaison est directe. Le Christ leur dit alors par ces mots: "Donnez-leur vous-même à manger."
C’est ces termes de l’évangile parlent du lien entre la mission et la nourriture. Par rapport à notre expérience dans l’intervention des catastrophes, la nourriture a été l’intervention la plus appréciée dans toutes les communautés ou nous sommes intervenues inclus les milieux considérés comme agricoles. Tout ceci parce que non seulement précieuse, mais la nourriture est aussi difficile à trouver par rapport au coup de vie. Dans les milieux ruraux comme urbains la population a du mal à se procurer à manger pouvant lier les deux bouts du mois. Au Congo selon les statistiques et dans le Katanga, rester beaucoup de temps sans manger à cause du manque est un fléau. Par rapport à la question des droits humains, la nourriture se trouve sur la première liste des besoins de base et on parle d’une nourriture adéquate.
Une intervention ponctuelle de la nourriture aux nécessiteux non seulement renforce la mission de l'église mais aussi maintien la continuité de celle-ci. Dans un contexte purement déficitaire en alimentation comme nous démontre le texte biblique ci haut cite: « Donnez-leur vous-même à manger. » Une urgence s'impose, elle n’attend pas un programme d'agriculture si bien que celui-ci soit très important et pérenne. L’urgence alimentaire dans notre communauté est criante. Elle est semblable à la faim d'un enfant qui n’attendra pas que son père ailles au travail pour lui revenir avec de quoi grignoter mais il demande une intervention qui se veut ici et maintenant, « Hic et Nunc. » Nous avons trouvés dans le territoire de Kipushi des familles qui mangent à tour de rôle; c’est à dire quand les uns mangent aujourd’hui, demain ils ne mangeront pas ainsi de suite.
La voie à suivre
Nous voudrions encourager les programmes non seulement sur la production alimentaire à travers l'agriculture mais aussi de renforcer les mécanismes de disponibilité des produits alimentaires de première nécessité à travers des programmes spécifiques, entre autres, aux enfants des rues, aux veuves, aux orphelins, aux déplacés de guerres, aux réfugiés alimentaires et tant d'autres car même les demandeurs d'asile vivant au Congo finissent par souffrir d'une manière ou d'une autre de l'insécurité alimentaire.
L'Eglise Méthodiste Unie a besoin de prendre l'initiative de former des nutritionnistes et dès les encadrer, les équiper afin d’aider nos communautés non seulement à sélectionner des aliments nutritifs mais surtout à suivre des programmes qui soutiennent des interventions alimentaires adéquats et palpables.
Au cours du forum agricole de GBGM tenue en Afrique du Sud à Johannesburg, la résolution, celle de chercher des terres arables pour des programmes d’agriculture durable est à encourager et cependant, elle nécessite un autre élément, celui d’initier à la base l’idée des coopératives des petits agriculteurs visant les femmes. Car celles-ci pourront participer à leur propre développement en répondant immédiatement et directement à leurs besoins alimentaires et ceux de leurs familles étant donné qu’en Afrique la femme reste encore au centre de l’économie domestique. Il est aussi souhaitable de pouvoir concevoir des programmes de sensibilisation à l'éducation alimentaire et ainsi inclure des programmes alimentaires dans nos écoles, comme dans l’ancien temps ou la nourriture était offerte dans les écoles et centres de formation pour renforcer l’immunité des apprenants. Avec ce programme la faim est combattue à la source en faveur de celui qui aurai quitté sa maison sans avoir eu la chance de manger quelque chose.
Nous ne pourrons finir nos propos sans mentionner certaines réflexions qui soutiennent notre contribution base sur notre expérience dans le contexte de l’insécurité alimentaire. « Cultiver un champ c'est bien, mais commencez par se nourrir c’est mieux. » « Un producteur affamé ne peut pas produire pour manger. » Et quand il produit, il assure sa subsistance mais quand il mange il assure sa survie. Mettre de la nourriture à la disposition des affames est plus qu’une évangile prêchée.
Ainsi donc la nourriture est la servante de la mission. Elle est encore dans nos communautés les pieds de l’évangile. Christ l’a utilisé pour véhiculer le message du salut en intimant l’ordre a ses disciples. « Donnez Leurs Vous-mêmes à Manger. » Dans l’exercice de la réponse aux catastrophes dans notre contexte, la nourriture prend la première place. La nourriture disponible, pas la semence car la population pourra se mourir avec la semence en terre ou dans la maison en attendant la saison pluvieuse dans ce contexte de réchauffement climatique. Ainsi la meilleure des missions est celle qui pose les actions afin préserver de la faim la communauté. La mission de l’Eglise repose non seulement sur la prédication mais la réponse aux besoins vitaux et dans notre contexte, c’est la nourriture de chaque jour pour la force de chaque jour.
Texte: Matthieu 14:16 “Jésus leur répondit: Ils n’ont pas besoin de s’en aller; donnez-leur vous-mêmes à manger.”
Dans mon cours d'évangélisme a Africa University, le défunt professeur Kurewa a définit la mission comme un ensemble d'activités qui accompagnent l'évangile, entre autres la création des écoles, des centres professionnels, des hôpitaux, des orphelinats, des centres des nutrition, des centres d'encadrement des femmes pour les programmes culinaires, des fermes et j'en passe. Dans cet article, nous allons nous appesantir sur la relation entre la mission et la nourriture. La bible nous parle à travers ce texte d’un cas de manque de la nourriture pour nourrir 5000 personnes sans compter les femmes et les enfants. L’insécurité alimentaire est une grande et redoutable arme qui décime nos communautés en ces jours.
L’insécurité alimentaire
L'insécurité alimentaire des masses a été quelques fois dans la Bible l'une des grandes opportunités que Dieu a saisies pour bien véhiculer son message du salut dans les temps anciens. Elle pouvait aller jusqu'à faire d'un peuple réfugié ou même un esclave des autres car la nourriture fait partie des nécessités fondamentales de la vie. Une communauté ne peut devenir sédentaire et productrice que lorsqu’elle atteint sa suffisance en général et dans le cadre alimentaire en particulier. La science nous prouve qu’un peuple, une famille ou meme une personne qui n'arrive pas à se nourrir devient instable mentalement et aussi physiquement.
Notre pays, la République Démocratique du Congo, est classée parmi les pays à déficit alimentaire. Selon le dernier IPC (Integrated food security Phase Classification), publié le 10 novembre, 27 millions de personnes en RDC connaissent des niveaux élevés d'insécurité alimentaire entre septembre et décembre 2021, ce qui représente environ 26,5% de la population congolaise.
Selon le PAM, le nombre de personnes en situation d'insécurité alimentaire aiguë s'élève à 27 millions, faisant de l'accès à la nourriture un combat quotidien pour une partie importante de la population congolaise. On estime que 3,4 millions d'enfants souffrent de malnutrition aiguë. Il est possible pour un plus grand nombre de personnes de ne manger qu'une seule fois par jour par rapport aux trois repas prévus pour chaque personne. Et souvent le repas sur la table ne reflète pas une bonne nutrition. La RDC est l'une des plus grandes crises de la faim dans le monde.
Quelle est donc le rôle de l’église et sa mission dans le monde ou ces indices font rages? Quelles ont été les contextes de l’introduction de la religion chrétienne dans nos communautés?
La mission
Dans nos villages à l'entrée des missionnaires certaines commodités comme le sel y le sucre étaient des moyens efficaces pour frayer le chemin de l'évangile. Lors de notre première distribution alimentaire a Kapanga des survivant de Kamwina Nsapu sur subvention de UMCOR, nous avons été face a une foule très grande indescriptible qui nous laissait lire le besoin, le manque et la faim. Nous avions distribué les rations pendant les 3 jours prévus et des populations venaient des villages lointains pour venir chercher à manger et nous n’avions ni le temps ni l’envie de prêcher car la distribution des rations était elle-même la prédication.
Dans le monde méthodiste en Afrique, l’agriculture pourtant crucial fut un des grands programmes ayant rarement répondu aux urgences alimentaires ou nutritionnelles d’une part à cause des faiblesses incluant les infrastructures routières inadéquates, les faibles productions face aux surnombres des populations ainsi que l’absence de la pérennité. Tout ceci n’a pas permit de véhiculer a plein succès l’évangile et ainsi renforcer la mission de l’église. Nous avons besoin de beaucoup plus de programmes avec des activités pour nourrir nos communautés et cela semble être l'une des grandes responsabilités de l'église en mission. Ces programmes doivent être directes en termes de production alimentaire en renforçant l'agro-alimentaire ou en établissant des points de distribution pour ceux qui ne peuvent pas faire d'activités agricoles. Car il faut mentionner que les vieillards, les enfants, les femmes enceintes, les malades, ceux avec deficience et même les veuves avances en âge ne peuvent pas aller cultiver ou travailler pour leur survie alors que la sécurité sociale est presque inexistante. Quel est le message que nous prêchons aux affames?
Résoudre l’urgence, conduit à la pérennité
Depuis quelque temps, la prédication a centré son message sur le travail, disant que celui qui ne travaille pas ne mange pas. C’est une très bonne chose car Dieu a béni l'œuvre de l'homme. Cependant, dans un contexte où la famine est aiguë et que celle-ci crée dans nos communautés des malnutris peut-on encore parler du travail au premier plan? Qu’est-ce qui précède l’autre; manger ou travailler? Pour une communauté avec un grand pourcentage de mineurs, d'adultes contre un faible pourcentage d'hommes et de femmes capables de chercher un logement? Telles sont les questions auxquelles nos communautés sont confrontées et auxquelles il faut répondre. Mais alors, il arrive que de nombreux prédicateurs parlent de travail, oubliant de mentionner que pour travailler, il faut avoir mangé. Je trouve cette théologie discriminatoire car elle cible une classe de personnes et les incite à faire mieux, oubliant celles qui ne sont pas physiquement aptes à travailler. La nourriture ne peut être ni un slogan ni une incitation mais une réalité qui consiste à mettre de la nourriture sur la table en priorité, après quoi le programme de production peut suivre.
Donnez-leur vous-même à manger
Cependant, il existe un lien entre la mission et l'alimentation. Un lien qui n’a rien à avoir avec l’intervention alimentaire comme corruption mais comme un besoin à combler car « ventre affame, n’a point d’oreille » dit-on. Selon notre expérience, cette liaison est directe. Le Christ leur dit alors par ces mots: "Donnez-leur vous-même à manger."
C’est ces termes de l’évangile parlent du lien entre la mission et la nourriture. Par rapport à notre expérience dans l’intervention des catastrophes, la nourriture a été l’intervention la plus appréciée dans toutes les communautés ou nous sommes intervenues inclus les milieux considérés comme agricoles. Tout ceci parce que non seulement précieuse, mais la nourriture est aussi difficile à trouver par rapport au coup de vie. Dans les milieux ruraux comme urbains la population a du mal à se procurer à manger pouvant lier les deux bouts du mois. Au Congo selon les statistiques et dans le Katanga, rester beaucoup de temps sans manger à cause du manque est un fléau. Par rapport à la question des droits humains, la nourriture se trouve sur la première liste des besoins de base et on parle d’une nourriture adéquate.
Une intervention ponctuelle de la nourriture aux nécessiteux non seulement renforce la mission de l'église mais aussi maintien la continuité de celle-ci. Dans un contexte purement déficitaire en alimentation comme nous démontre le texte biblique ci haut cite: « Donnez-leur vous-même à manger. » Une urgence s'impose, elle n’attend pas un programme d'agriculture si bien que celui-ci soit très important et pérenne. L’urgence alimentaire dans notre communauté est criante. Elle est semblable à la faim d'un enfant qui n’attendra pas que son père ailles au travail pour lui revenir avec de quoi grignoter mais il demande une intervention qui se veut ici et maintenant, « Hic et Nunc. » Nous avons trouvés dans le territoire de Kipushi des familles qui mangent à tour de rôle; c’est à dire quand les uns mangent aujourd’hui, demain ils ne mangeront pas ainsi de suite.
La voie à suivre
Nous voudrions encourager les programmes non seulement sur la production alimentaire à travers l'agriculture mais aussi de renforcer les mécanismes de disponibilité des produits alimentaires de première nécessité à travers des programmes spécifiques, entre autres, aux enfants des rues, aux veuves, aux orphelins, aux déplacés de guerres, aux réfugiés alimentaires et tant d'autres car même les demandeurs d'asile vivant au Congo finissent par souffrir d'une manière ou d'une autre de l'insécurité alimentaire.
L'Eglise Méthodiste Unie a besoin de prendre l'initiative de former des nutritionnistes et dès les encadrer, les équiper afin d’aider nos communautés non seulement à sélectionner des aliments nutritifs mais surtout à suivre des programmes qui soutiennent des interventions alimentaires adéquats et palpables.
Au cours du forum agricole de GBGM tenue en Afrique du Sud à Johannesburg, la résolution, celle de chercher des terres arables pour des programmes d’agriculture durable est à encourager et cependant, elle nécessite un autre élément, celui d’initier à la base l’idée des coopératives des petits agriculteurs visant les femmes. Car celles-ci pourront participer à leur propre développement en répondant immédiatement et directement à leurs besoins alimentaires et ceux de leurs familles étant donné qu’en Afrique la femme reste encore au centre de l’économie domestique. Il est aussi souhaitable de pouvoir concevoir des programmes de sensibilisation à l'éducation alimentaire et ainsi inclure des programmes alimentaires dans nos écoles, comme dans l’ancien temps ou la nourriture était offerte dans les écoles et centres de formation pour renforcer l’immunité des apprenants. Avec ce programme la faim est combattue à la source en faveur de celui qui aurai quitté sa maison sans avoir eu la chance de manger quelque chose.
Nous ne pourrons finir nos propos sans mentionner certaines réflexions qui soutiennent notre contribution base sur notre expérience dans le contexte de l’insécurité alimentaire. « Cultiver un champ c'est bien, mais commencez par se nourrir c’est mieux. » « Un producteur affamé ne peut pas produire pour manger. » Et quand il produit, il assure sa subsistance mais quand il mange il assure sa survie. Mettre de la nourriture à la disposition des affames est plus qu’une évangile prêchée.
Ainsi donc la nourriture est la servante de la mission. Elle est encore dans nos communautés les pieds de l’évangile. Christ l’a utilisé pour véhiculer le message du salut en intimant l’ordre a ses disciples. « Donnez Leurs Vous-mêmes à Manger. » Dans l’exercice de la réponse aux catastrophes dans notre contexte, la nourriture prend la première place. La nourriture disponible, pas la semence car la population pourra se mourir avec la semence en terre ou dans la maison en attendant la saison pluvieuse dans ce contexte de réchauffement climatique. Ainsi la meilleure des missions est celle qui pose les actions afin préserver de la faim la communauté. La mission de l’Eglise repose non seulement sur la prédication mais la réponse aux besoins vitaux et dans notre contexte, c’est la nourriture de chaque jour pour la force de chaque jour.
Wednesday, April 13, 2022
Bayanihan and Connectionalism
Today's post is by UM & Global blogmaster Dr. David W. Scott, Mission Theologian at the General Board of Global Ministries. The opinions and analysis expressed here are Dr. Scott's own and do not reflect in any way the official position of Global Ministries.
The United Methodist leaders from Asia, Africa, and Europe behind the Christmas Covenant, the first major piece of UMC legislation from outside the United States, have identified three guiding principles behind that legislation: We are all children of God, ubuntu, and bayanihan. Two of these principles are notable in drawing on non-Western cultural concepts.
In the spirit of cross-cultural dialogue, I will treat the statement of these principles as an invitation to the whole church to engage in theological reflection on ubuntu and bayanihan and consider how these concepts can contain lessons for Methodist/Wesleyan theological thinking in other contexts as well. In this post, I will reflect on the connection between bayanihan and connectionalism. In a previous post, I reflected on the connection between ubuntu and sanctification.
The description of bayanihan offered by the Christmas Covenant reads as follows:
Bayanihan is a cherished ancient Filipino concept of community spirit and cooperation to achieve communal goals. Rooted in the word bayan, which means nation or community, bayanihan has been traditionally expressed through concrete community support for families that need to relocate. The able- bodied persons of the barrio carry the entire wood and bamboo house and transfers it to a new location, especially in anticipation of typhoons, floods, and landslides. This might be rare in these modern times, but the spirit of bayanihan is alive in the hearts of Filipinos when they act as one community in support of one another in times of need, even when it is deemed impossible to do so.
This description of cooperation towards communal goals made me think about connectionalism.
When I think about connectionalism, I tend to think about it both as an ecclesiology and as a practice. As an ecclesiology, connectionalism refers to the belief that the nature of the church is located in the connections among local congregations. In that sense, it is a counter to congregationalism, which proclaims that a local congregation is fully the church by itself. Connectionalism as an ecclesiology says (in perhaps an ubuntu sort of way) that local congregations can only be the church in connection with one another.
As a practice, connectionalism refers to the ways in which congregations and other denominational entities (annual, central, and jurisdictional conferences; boards and agencies; committees and commissions; etc.) collaborate in mission and ministry. Here, I tend to think of connectionalism as expressing a "we can do more together" sentiment.
The parallels between bayanihan and connectionalism as a practice are perhaps easy to see. Both refer to collective action, to mutual ministry carried out in cooperation.
But thinking about connectionalism through the lens of bayanihan highlighted two dimensions of connectionalism that I had not given full attention to previously.
First, bayanihan really connects the ecclesiological and the practical elements of connectionalism. Bayan means community, and so the practice of bayanihan is rooted in a sense of shared communal identity. That shared communal identity is perhaps analogous to the ecclesiological understanding of connectionalism: We are the church together. And it is that shared bayan communal identity that makes the practice of bayanihan cooperation possible. We can practice connectionalism when we believe we are a connection.
Second, bayanihan highlights for me the reciprocity in connectionalism. Bayanihan is about each member of the community contributing to communal projects, but it is also about potentially any member of the community who happens to be in need (because their house has been endangered) being able to receive help from the community. It is about "support of one another" in a mutual give and take.
I think that view helps resolve a debate among US United Methodists about whether connectional institutions exist to serve congregations or to allow congregations to serve in broader ways. This debate is expressed through criticisms of agencies as too top-down or of congregations as always wanting to do their own thing regardless of where the rest of the church is focused.
A bayanihan understanding of connectionalism suggests that connectionalism exists both to serve congregations and to allow congregations to serve. The principle of bayanihan suggests that connectionalism exists to allow congregations to support one another in their ministry. Sometimes that means the congregations are willing to contribute work and resources towards goals that the entire group has identified (probably through conference structures). Sometimes that means that the entire group works to support individual congregations that are struggling or negatively impacted by significant events. Connectionalism goes both ways.
I have intended these two pieces reflecting on principles from the Christmas Covenant to model intercultural theological reflection and an openness to learn from concepts from other cultural backgrounds. I hope these examples inspire more such dialogue in our connection.
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